Tag Validator Problem
Description
LeetCode Problem 591.
Given a string representing a code snippet, implement a tag validator to parse the code and return whether it is valid.
A code snippet is valid if all the following rules hold:
- The code must be wrapped in a valid closed tag. Otherwise, the code is invalid.
- A closed tag (not necessarily valid) has exactly the following format :
TAG_CONTENT . Among them,is the start tag, and is the end tag. The TAG_NAME in start and end tags should be the same. A closed tag is valid if and only if the TAG_NAME and TAG_CONTENT are valid. - A valid TAG_NAME only contain upper-case letters, and has length in range [1,9]. Otherwise, the TAG_NAME is invalid.
- A valid TAG_CONTENT may contain other valid closed tags, cdata and any characters (see note1) EXCEPT unmatched <, unmatched start and end tag, and unmatched or closed tags with invalid TAG_NAME. Otherwise, the TAG_CONTENT is invalid.
- A start tag is unmatched if no end tag exists with the same TAG_NAME, and vice versa. However, you also need to consider the issue of unbalanced when tags are nested.
- A < is unmatched if you cannot find a subsequent >. And when you find a < or </, all the subsequent characters until the next > should be parsed as TAG_NAME (not necessarily valid).
- The cdata has the following format : <![CDATA[CDATA_CONTENT]]>. The range of CDATA_CONTENT is defined as the characters between <![CDATA[ and the first subsequent ]]>.
- CDATA_CONTENT may contain any characters. The function of cdata is to forbid the validator to parse CDATA_CONTENT, so even it has some characters that can be parsed as tag (no matter valid or invalid), you should treat it as regular characters.
Example 1:
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Input: code = "<DIV>This is the first line <![CDATA[<div>]]></DIV>"
Output: true
Explanation:
The code is wrapped in a closed tag : <DIV> and </DIV>.
The TAG_NAME is valid, the TAG_CONTENT consists of some characters and cdata.
Although CDATA_CONTENT has an unmatched start tag with invalid TAG_NAME, it should be considered as plain text, not parsed as a tag.
So TAG_CONTENT is valid, and then the code is valid. Thus return true.
Example 2:
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Input: code = "<DIV>>> ![cdata[]] <![CDATA[<div>]>]]>]]>>]</DIV>"
Output: true
Explanation:
We first separate the code into : start_tag|tag_content|end_tag.
start_tag -> "<DIV>"
end_tag -> "</DIV>"
tag_content could also be separated into : text1|cdata|text2.
text1 -> ">> ![cdata[]] "
cdata -> "<![CDATA[<div>]>]]>", where the CDATA_CONTENT is "<div>]>"
text2 -> "]]>>]"
The reason why start_tag is NOT "<DIV>>>" is because of the rule 6.
The reason why cdata is NOT "<![CDATA[<div>]>]]>]]>" is because of the rule 7.
Example 3:
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Input: code = "<A> <B> </A> </B>"
Output: false
Explanation: Unbalanced. If "<A>" is closed, then "<B>" must be unmatched, and vice versa.
Example 4:
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Input: code = "<DIV> div tag is not closed <DIV>"
Output: false
Constraints:
- 1 <= code.length <= 500
- code consists of English letters, digits, ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘/’, ‘!’, ‘[’, ‘]’, ‘.’, and ‘ ‘.
Sample C++ Code
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class Solution {
public:
bool isValid(string code) {
stack<string> stk;
for (int i = 0; i < code.length(); i++) {
if (i > 0 && stk.empty())
return false;
if (code.substr(i, 9) == "<![CDATA[") {
int j = i + 9;
i = code.find("]]>", j);
if (i < 0) return false;
i += 2;
} else if (code.substr(i, 2) == "</") {
int j = i + 2;
i = code.find('>', j);
string s = code.substr(j, i - j);
if (stk.empty() || s != stk.top())
return false;
stk.pop();
} else if (code.substr(i, 1) == "<") {
int j = i + 1;
i = code.find('>', j);
if (i < 0 || i == j || i - j > 9)
return false;
for (int k = j; k < i; k++) {
if (!isupper(code[k]))
return false;
}
string s = code.substr(j, i - j);
stk.push(s);
}
}
return stk.empty();
}
};