Permutation Sequence Problem


Description

LeetCode Problem 60.

The set [1, 2, 3, …, n] contains a total of n! unique permutations.

By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order, we get the following sequence for n = 3:

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"123"
"132"
"213"
"231"
"312"
"321"

Given n and k, return the kth permutation sequence.

Example 1:

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Input: n = 3, k = 3
Output: "213"

Example 2:

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Input: n = 4, k = 9
Output: "2314"

Example 3:

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2
Input: n = 3, k = 1
Output: "123"

Constraints:

  • 1 <= n <= 9
  • 1 <= k <= n!


Sample C++ Code

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string getPermutation(int n, int k) {
    // pTable refers to permutation table and numSet refers to a set of numbers from 1 to 9.
    int pTable[10] = {1};
    for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++){
        pTable[i] = i * pTable[i - 1];
    }
    string result;
    vector<char> numSet{'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'};
    while (n > 0){
        // 1 calculate which number we will use.
        // 2 remove that number from numSet.
        // 3 recalculate k.
        // 4 n--.
        int temp = (k - 1) / pTable[n - 1];
        result += numSet[temp];
        numSet.erase(numSet.begin() + temp);
        k = k - temp * pTable[n - 1];
        n--;
    }
    return result;
}




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